新欧洲包豪斯：Into the Woods 欧盟主席演讲

DESIGN WAREHOUSE

What's Next in Wood Design and Sustainability

FOREWORD:

1919年-包豪斯

"包豪斯Bauhaus"一词源自德语，Bau意为建造，Haus意为房屋。包豪斯最早是德国建筑师沃尔特-格罗皮乌斯（Walter Gropius）在1919年的创立的一所工艺美术学院，该学院因将“个人艺术视野与大规模生产统一起来并强调功能性”的设计方法而闻名，包豪斯后来成为20世纪工业和建筑设计中最具影响力的潮流之一。

2020年-新欧洲包豪斯

欧盟委员会在2020年发起“新欧洲包豪斯倡议”，并称应对气候变化和关爱环境要求人类重新思考自己的生活方式，欧洲绿色协议（European Green Deal）的实施将带来系统变化，而“建筑翻新”战略将有助于减少排放，减少能源贫困，为此欧盟发起“新欧洲包豪斯倡议”，旨在搭建科技与文化艺术之间的桥梁，将美好设计与可持续发展紧密结合，创建“绿色美学”。

2022年-Into the Woods 走进森林

2022年11月24日，新欧洲包豪斯“走进森林 In to the Woods” 活动由芬兰政府与欧盟委员会、爱沙尼亚政府和瑞典政府合作举办，探讨森林如何为可持续建筑提供灵感和材料，同时促进生物多样性和碳汇的发展，以及我们应该如何与大自然合作来设计和建设一个更好的未来。欧盟主席乌尔苏拉-冯德莱恩（Ursula von der Leyen）在全体会议上进行了演讲，本文整理并翻译于此次演讲内容。

©nordicbauhaus.eu

| 森林是我们最强大的盟友，而全球森林正处于危险之中。

冯德莱恩：

尊敬的各位来宾，亲爱的朋友们。很高兴能在这里与大家见面。的确，我们离赫尔辛基的车程相对较短，我们处于大自然的中心。我想不出还有比这更好的地方来讨论森林的重要性。我们每天都在了解森林这一丰富而复杂的生态系统对人类健康的巨大作用，当然也包括对地球健康的巨大作用。欧洲的4000亿棵树几乎吸收了欧洲大陆9%的温室气体排放。例如，通过森林保水帮助防止洪水和干旱，森林甚至通过塑造天空中的云层来稳定降雨模式。Distinguished guests and dear friends,It is a pleasure to be here with you. Indeed, we are a relatively short drive from Helsinki and we are in the heart of nature. I could not think of a better place than this one to discuss the importance of forests. We are learning every day about the immense role these rich and complex ecological systems play for the health of people but of course also for the health of our planet. Europe's 400 billion trees absorb almost 9% of our continent's greenhouse gas emissions. For example, by retaining water, they help to prevent floods and droughts, and they even stabilise rainfall patterns by shaping the clouds we see in the sky.

©nordicbauhaus.eu

森林是生计、能源、建筑材料，当然也是经济增长和许多重要工作岗位的来源。新的、创新的产品正在被开发。以木材为基础的产品有巨大的潜力来取代化石产品。我非常期待在今天的会议上了解更多。那么，让我们看一看森林。几千年来，森林对我们来说一直是一个充满神秘、魔力和现代科学的魅力所在。在我们最古老的童话和民间故事中，森林是神灵、聪明的动物、巫师和医士的家。今天超过25%以上的药物仍然源自雨林植物。从最广泛的意义上说，森林是我们自身的一部分。且森林必须是我们共同的责任。因为我们都知道，今天我们全球的森林正处于危险之中。Forests are livelihoods, energy, building materials, and – of course – economic growth and many important jobs. New, innovative products are being developed. Wood-based products have an enormous potential to replace fossil-based products. I am very much looking forward to learning more about all this today at this conference. So let us have a look at the forests. For thousands of years, forests have been for us an enchanted place of mystery and magic, as well as modern science. In our oldest fairy tales and folktales, forests are home – and you know it all – to spirits, wise animals, wizards and healers. Today, more than 25% of our medicines still originate in rainforest plants. Forests are, in the widest sense of the word, part of who we are. And they must be our shared responsibility. Because we all know that today, our forests globally are in danger.

©nordicbauhaus.eu

冯德莱恩：

在德国北部，靠近我家乡汉诺威的附近，有一片我已经认识了几十年的森林。每当我回家，我都会在这片森林里散步。近几年来，我看到这片森林正在萎缩。害虫正在变暖的气候里快速繁殖。你知道这种发展的所有迹象。在欧洲北部这里，森林也在随着气候的变化而变化。今年夏天，在欧盟发生的野火所排放的二氧化碳量相当于大约500万辆汽车的年排放量。Near my home town in Hanover, that is the northern part of Germany, there is a forest that I have known for decades. Whenever I come home, I take a walk in this forest. In the recent years, I have seen this forest withering. Pests are thriving in our warming climate. You know all the signs of this development. Also here in the North, forests are changing with the climate. This summer, wildfires in the European Union released an amount of carbon that is equivalent to the annual emissions of around five million cars.

我们知道，科学家们正在辩论欧洲的森林是碳汇还是净碳排放者。无论这场辩论的结果如何，有一点我们肯定都能达成共识。健康的森林是我们为一个健康的地球而奋斗的最强大的盟友。我们需要做更多的工作来拯救和更好地管理我们的森林。这就是我们今天来到这里参加这个会议的原因。We know that scientists are debating whether forests in Europe are carbon sinks or rather net carbon emitters. Whatever the outcome of this debate is, there is certainly one point we can all agree on: Healthy forests are our strongest allies to fight for a healthy planet. We need to do more to save and better manage our forests. This is what brings us here today to this conference.

让我从全球情况开始说起。在过去的三十年里，比整个欧盟面积还大的森林因毁林而消失。而我们在这方面都有责任。比如，欧盟的消费据称要对这些森林损失承担约10%的负责。但是现在，通过欧洲绿色协议（European Green Deal)，我们已经决定不仅要解决这个问题还要成为解决方案的一部分。例如，我们关于无毁林产品的法规将在下个月通过，正好赶上蒙特利尔的联合国COP15生物多样性大会。我们的信息非常明确：针对引发毁林的产品，欧洲正在清理其供应链。这标志着全球反对毁林斗争的一个转折点。因为该法规不仅涉及非法毁林，而且涉及所有形式的砍伐树木却不重新种植树木的毁林行为。很快，只有不以毁林为基础的产品才会被允许进入我们的欧洲市场。Let me begin with the global picture. In the last three decades, an area that is larger than the whole European Union has been lost to deforestation. And we all have a responsibility in this. For example, consumption in the European Union is said to be responsible for about 10% of these losses. But now, with the European Green Deal, we have decided not only to address the problem but to be part of the solution. Our regulation on deforestation-free products, for example, is set to be adopted next month, just in time for the COP15 in Montreal. Our message is very clear: Europe is cleaning up its supply chains – for products that trigger deforestation. This marks a turning point in the global fight against deforestation. Because the regulation addresses not only the illegal deforestation, but all forms of deforestation that cuts down trees without replanting them. Soon, only products that are not based on deforestation will be allowed into our Single Market.

©nordicbauhaus.eu

| 不能仅仅简单禁止砍伐，还需要创造真正可行的替代方案。

冯德莱恩：

但我们也知道，解决方案不能仅仅是简单的禁止。因为森林是一个重要的经济和文化因素。因此，我们需要为那些非常依赖森林为生的当地群体提供砍伐森林的替代方案。例如，创造新的就业机会；分享保护森林的知识；支持可持续来源木材的新供应链。去年在格拉斯哥，我为欧盟签署了一个10亿欧元的全球森林承诺。But we also know that the solution cannot only be a simple ban. Because forests are an important economic and also cultural factor. So we need to give an alternative to deforestation to those local communities who depend so much on forests for their livelihoods. Like for example creating new jobs; sharing know-how in conservation of forests; supporting new supply chains for sustainably sourced timber. Last year in Glasgow, I signed a EUR-1-billion global forest pledge for the European Union.

今年，在沙姆沙伊赫举行联合国COP27气候大会上，我与五个不同的国家签署了五个森林伙伴协议，以将这一承诺付诸行动。而这是我们为这些群体确保有砍伐森林的替代方案而正在努力的方向。举个例子：圭亚那的木材加工，或者乌干达的森林产品如蜂蜜，或者刚果共和国的可持续旅游业。因此，我们不仅要禁止砍伐森林或与砍伐森林作斗争，而且还要真正创造可行的替代方案。当地群体可以通过保护和尊重森林来谋生。这就是我们应对全球毁林挑战的方式：通过更紧密的合作，给人们提供一个可持续的替代方案--这对他们和地球都有好处。And this year, at the COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh, I signed five forest partnerships with five different countries to put this pledge into action. And it is exactly what we are working on to make sure that there is an alternative to deforestation for these communities. Just to give you an example: Wood processing in Guyana, or forest products like honey in Uganda, or sustainable tourism in the Republic of Congo. So we do not only want to ban the deforestation or fight the deforestation but we also want to really create viable alternatives. The local communities can thus make a living by protecting and by respecting their forests. This is how we address the global challenge of deforestation: through closer cooperation and giving people a sustainable alternative – that is good for them and good for the planet.

在欧洲，我们有几十年的可持续林业的经验。例如，芬兰从20世纪20年代起就开始定期收集森林资源数据。有了这些知识，我们可以在芬兰的经验基础上再接再厉，将其提升到新的水平。这是我的第二个观点。让我们共同努力培育我们森林的生物多样性和生物经济。让我们把激励措施从自然资源的短期使用转向长期和循环使用。这就是欧洲修订土地利用条例的目的。最后一个缺失的环节是关于碳清除认证的提议方案。这是对想要资助碳清除活动的人和组织的质量保证。这样我们不仅可以更好地监督我们的森林保持碳汇，而且林务人员和森林所有者为保持我们的森林健康而投入的时间和精力也将得到认可和奖励。正如芬兰总理 Sanna 所说，芬兰有60%的森林是由私人拥有的。因此，让我们奖励他们为森林提供的照顾和培育。Here in Europe, we have decades of experience in sustainable forestry. For example, here in Finland, forest resource data has been regularly collected since the 1920s already. With this knowledge, together, we can build on your experience, and take it to the next level. This is my second point. Let us join forces to nurture our forests' biodiversity and bioeconomy. Let us shift the incentives from short-lived uses of natural resources to long-lived and circular ones. This is the aim of the European land-use revision. The final missing link is a proposal for the certification of carbon removal. It is a quality guarantee to people and organisations who want to fund carbon removal activities. Not only can we then better monitor that our forests remain carbon sinks, but foresters and forest owners will be recognised and rewarded for the time and the care they invest to keep our forests healthy. And as you said, Sanna, I think it was 60% of the forests here in Finland that is owned by private people. So let us reward them for the care they are giving and the nurturing they are providing to their forests.

©nordicbauhaus.eu

| 新欧洲包豪斯鼓励用木材建造，以鼓励可持续发展林业，并引领建筑的下一次革命。

冯德莱恩：

这些措施有助于确保木材的可持续采伐，不仅是在芬兰这样的国家，也包括整个欧盟。因此，这涵盖了供需平衡的供应方面。在需求方面我们需要做更多的工作来促进使用长生命周期的生物材料，如用于建筑的优质木材。这确实是新欧洲包豪斯发挥作用的地方。我们希望通过可持续的设计和建筑来改善人们的生活。要想知道我的意思，你只要看看会议所在的这个建筑，即芬兰自然中心，它是一个交叉层压木材建筑。当它在2013年建成时，它是北欧的第一个此类建筑。These measures help ensure that timber is sustainably harvested, not just in your countries here but also across the European Union. So this covers the supply side of the equation. On the demand side, we need to do more to promote the use of long-lived biomaterials, like quality wood for construction. This is indeed where the New European Bauhaus comes into play. We want to improve people's lives by designing and building sustainably. To see what I mean, you just have to look around in this building, the Finnish Nature Centre, which is a cross-laminated timber building. When it was built in 2013, it was the first of its kind in Northern Europe.

今天，欧洲建筑的整体材料投入中，有3%是木材。所以我想说，它仍然是一个很小的占比，但有很大的改进空间。并且，木材的需求正在快速增长。而新欧洲包豪斯希望推动这一转变。你可能知道，最初的包豪斯运动创立于于1919年，专门探索新的建筑方法和新材料，当时当然是混凝土和钢铁。但是在那个时候，已经有一个伟大的芬兰建筑师，在全世界都很有名。他的名字是阿尔瓦-阿尔托。他在那个时候已经是一个先驱了。因为他喜欢用木材，他使用木材并创造了木制家具的模范。实际上，如果以今天的眼光看他当时的的设计，仍然是极其现代以及非常杰出的。Today, 3% of the overall material input in the European construction is timber. So I would say that it is still a niche, but with a big room for improvement. And the demand is growing fast. And the New European Bauhaus wants to drive this transformation. You might know that the original Bauhaus movement, that was founded in 1919, explored specifically new construction methods and new materials, at that time it was of course concrete and steel. But at that time already, there was a great Finnish architect, known around the world. His name is Alvar Aalto – very famous. He was a pioneer at that time already. Because he loved to work with wood, he used wood and created icons of wooden furniture. Actually, if you look at them today, they are still extremely modern in their design – so outstanding.

今天我们很幸运，因为我们有整整一代年轻的建筑师、设计师和工程师，他们想重新定义我们的建筑和生活方式。他们正在重新发现天然材料，如木材。他们已经理解了大自然的解决方案是多么聪明，他们试图理解这些基于自然的解决方案，并将其转化到我们的建筑世界中，例如。我们都知道，与混凝土相比，如今用木材建造可以减少高达40%的碳排放。这是一个巨大的数字。通过将碳存储在木材中，未来木材可以将我们的家园甚至整个城市变成碳汇。Today, we are lucky, because we have a whole generation of young architects, designers and engineers that want to redefine our way of building and living. They are rediscovering natural materials such as timber. And they have understood how smart nature is to find solutions and they try to understand these nature-based solutions and to transform them into our world of construction for example. We all know that today building with timber could save up to 40% of carbon emissions in comparison to concrete. That is a huge figure. By keeping the carbon inside the wood, one day timber could turn our homes and even entire cities into carbon sinks.

对你们中的一些人来说，这可能听起来像一个梦想。但是在芬兰、爱沙尼亚和瑞典，你们已经在向欧洲展示这一点是如何运作、可能和可行的。你们在用木材建造方面有数百年的经验。我们现在比以往任何时候都更需要你们的经验，以鼓励可持续发展的林业，并引领建筑的下一次革命。新欧洲包豪斯旨在成为一场运动，将志同道合的人聚集在一起，产生新的合作和新的想法，并将像你们这样的先驱者正在做的许多美妙的事情带给更多的公众。To some of you, this may sound like a dream. But in Finland, as well as in Estonia and Sweden, you are already showing Europe how this works, how this is possible and doable. You have centuries of experience in building out of wood. We need your experience, now more than ever, to encourage sustainable forestry and lead the next revolution in architecture. The New European Bauhaus aims to be a movement that brings together like-minded people, to generate new collaborations and new ideas, and bring to a wider public the many wonderful things that are being done by pioneers like you.

| 森林和建筑的绿色转型需要新技能培训，欧洲新包豪斯学院打造真正欧洲森林学院。

冯德莱恩：

这使我想到了第三点，也是最后一点：让我们赋予人们力量来领导和推动这一变革。森林和建筑在绿色转型中发挥着越来越重要的作用，这需要新的技能--或者也许是重新发掘的旧技能。我们需要更多的护林员、工程师、化学家、木材工匠和数据专家--你来定义。而我们知道，这些技能在今天是非常短缺的。IFO经济研究所最近的一份报告发现，近35%的欧盟建筑公司表示缺乏技术工人。技能必须随着我们所追求的转型而提高。如果我们没有技能提高，没有推动转型的先驱，就不会有绿色转型。这就是为什么我们建议将2023年作为欧洲技能年。这个想法是为了使不同的技能战略与经济对劳动力市场的具体技能需求更好地匹配。这就是要把工业界、森林所有者、工会、大学和培训机构联合起来。我们正在用《欧洲技能议程》中的技能契约行动（Pact for Skills）开创一种方法。我们已经建立了12个大规模的伙伴关系，为600万劳动年龄内的欧洲公民提供技能培训机会。但我们需要的远不止这些。This brings me to my third and final point: let us empower people to lead and drive this change. The growing importance that forests and construction will play in the green transition requires new skills – or perhaps it is old skills rediscovered. We need more rangers, engineers, chemists, timber craftsmen and data specialists – you name it. And we know that these skills are in too short supply today. There is a recent report by the IFO Institute that found that nearly 35% of EU construction firms report a shortage of skilled workers. Skilling has to grow with the transformation we are aiming at. There will be no green transformation if we do not have the skills and if there are no people who drive the transformation. That is why we have proposed to make the year 2023 the European Year of Skills. The idea is to better match the different skilling strategies with the economy's needs for specific skills in the labour market. It is about bringing industry, forest owners, trade unions, universities, and training providers together. An approach that we are pioneering with our Pact for Skills. We have created 12 large-scale partnerships, offering skilling opportunities to six million European citizens of working age. But we need much more than this.

这就是为什么我今天高兴地宣布，我们正在启动一个新的欧洲包豪斯学院。该学院将有三个主要优先事项。首先，它培养建筑业有关的绿色和数字技能。我们希望在未来五年内至少为300万建筑工人提供再培训和技能提高培训。因为我们现在需要他们来推动转型。第二点是，在建筑业这一关键领域我们需要更多的研究、开发和创新。而为此我们需要增加资金。因此，世界范围内享有很高的声誉欧洲地平线研究计划（Horizon Europe）很快将公开征集基于自然材料的示范项目，资金规模为1000万欧元。我们想知道外面有什么，我们想知道创新的想法，然后开发它们并将它们推向市场。我感谢 John Schellnhuber 在这个问题上的倡议和建议。我们还想从新欧洲包豪斯学习如何通过监管来激励使用基于自然的优质解决方案和生物材料。This is why I am happy to announce today that we are launching a New European Bauhaus Academy. The Academy will have three major priorities. First of all, it is about fostering green and digital skills in construction. We want to reskill and upskill at least three million construction workers in the next five years because we need them now to drive the transformation. The second point is: We need more research and development, and innovation in this crucial sector. And for that, we need increased funding. Therefore, Horizon Europe – you all know our research programme that is highly renowned worldwide – will soon make a call for nature-based material demonstrators, worth EUR 10 million. We want to know what is out there, we want to know the innovative ideas to then develop them and bring them to the market. I am grateful to John Schellnhuber for his initiative and advice on this issue. We also want to learn from the New European Bauhaus how regulation can incentivise the use of quality nature-based solutions and biomaterials.

最后，新学院将强烈聚焦数字化。我们希望提供可持续林业、设计和木结构的在线课程，从而根本上创建一个真正的欧洲森林学院。而我们将与你们北欧包豪斯一起做到这一点。非常感谢你们的加入。委员会将额外提供100万欧元。我想感谢你们三方的巨大承诺。这是你们的大学、建筑师、城市规划师、建筑公司的网络。你们是可持续性领域的领导者。我们需要你们的知识，我们需要你们的网络，把最好的东西聚集在一起。我认为我们可以在整个欧盟和世界范围内扩大你们的经验和创新。我们也许是全球生态系统的一小部分，但是如果我们把它做好了，我们可以成为解决方案的一大部分。And finally, the new Academy will have a very strong digital focus. We want to provide online courses in sustainable forestry, design, and wood construction, and thus basically create a truly European forest academy. And we will do that together with you, the Nordic Bauhaus. Many thanks for joining this. The Commission will make available an additional EUR 1 million. I want to thank all three of you for your enormous commitments. It is your network of universities, of architects, of urban planners, of construction companies. You are the leaders in the field of sustainability. We need your knowledge and we need your network to bring the best together. I think we can multiply your experience and your innovations all across the European Union and across the world. Because we are perhaps one small part of a global ecosystem, but, if we do it right, we can be a big part of the solution.

女士们，先生们。众所周知的那句“只见树木，不见森林”的老话。今天在这里，我们做的恰恰相反。我们正在放大视野并且讨论的是大局。这是关于理解森林对我们的生活和生计的重要性。这是关于森林作为我们的家园，作为我们的经济基础，当然还有作为我们应对气候变化的最佳盟友的重要性。 非常感谢。Ladies and Gentlemen,You all know the old saying when people sometimes miss the obvious. We say: You lose sight of the forest for the trees. Here today, we do the exact opposite. We are zooming out and it is about the big picture that we want to discuss. It is about embracing the importance of forests for our lives and our livelihoods. It is about forests as our home, forests as our economic foundation and of course forests as our best allies to fight climate change.Many thanks.

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