2023年3月 | 天趣 · 存在 | 陈伟邦：后现代女性艺术和各个女性主义流派，在争取和表达什么？

即将展出

Coming Exhibition

存在 · 她力量——国际女性当代艺术展

开幕之夜：2023年3月24日，5 – 8 PM

展览时间：3月24日至3月28日10:00 AM – 8:00 PM；3月29日 10:00 AM – 4:00PM

展览地点：香港爱丁堡广场五号香港大会堂低座一楼展览厅

「存在·她力量」的女性艺术思潮

"EXISTENCE‧HER POWER"

THE TREND OF FEMALE ART

文-天趣当代艺术馆顾问陈伟邦

Article-Art of Nature Contemporary Gallery Consultant Clement Chan

女性主义传统上可分为多个流派，有自由主义女性主义、激进女性主义、存在主义女性主义、社会主义女性主义、后现代女性主义、后结构女性主义……等等，标志着不同的哲学概念和社会意识型态。

Feminism has traditionally been divided into various waves, including liberal feminism, radical feminism, existentialist feminism, socialist feminism, postmodern feminism, poststructuralist feminism, etc.

有别自由主义追求机会平等，「社会主义的女性主义」流派特别强调女性主义的抗争与反资本主义的斗争，真正的女性解放必然从男权社会中的家庭／婚姻、私有产权和宗教三方面着手，反对社会形态、生理和宗教形式的决定论。「自由女性主义」则强调男女都有人性的尊严，反对生理决定论，因而主张人人平等。女性受压迫的根源在于缺乏受教育和与男性公平竞争的机会。

They signify different philosophical concepts and social ideologies. Unlike liberal feminism, which pursues opportunities for equality, socialist feminism emphasizes feminist and anti-capitalist struggle. A real female liberation must begin with the reform of family/marriage, private property rights, and religion in patriarchy, shattering social, physical, and religious decisive discourses. Liberal feminism stresses the dignity of both men and women and opposes to sex-determination system thus advocating equality for all. It believes the fundamental reason for gender oppression is the lack of access to education and fair competition with men.

「激进女性主义」有强烈反抗生理决定论的色彩，男性生来就是侵略性和充满暴力的，男性能利用这生理差异（例如：生育），来控制女性。这种压迫甚至会衍生出其他形式的压迫，例如种族和阶级压迫。要提升女性地位就必须追求彻底的变革，要必须建立一个新的女性掌权话语权和主导的社会。

Radical feminism strongly opposes to the sex-determination system. It asserts that men are inherently aggressive and violent and they exploit women's reproductive rights. The manipulation could be further developed into racial and hierarchical oppression. Radical feminists seek to abolish patriarchy by challenging existing social norms and creating a women-dominated society that will liberate everyone from an unjust society.

「后现代女性主义」亦称为「第三波女性主义」，深受德里达、福科、拉康等人的影响，以否定、怀疑、消解或摧毁所有本质主义的宏大理论体系著称。

Postmodern feminism is also known as third-wave feminism, being deeply influenced by Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan, etc.

其中著名的酷儿理论（Queer Theory）认为「男」和「女」这个概念只是社会文化建构出来，根本没有男人和女人实际上的生理差异；又认为科学对男和女生理上的发现不过是权力建构的变体，女性必要用局部化「微抗争」以发挥女性独有的新话语权将男性霸权逐渐解构颠覆。最后主张在争取妇女解放的过程中不再只把男性都看作压迫女性的敌人，而是回归关怀男性与女性相互依存关系。

It is featured as denials, doubts, vanishment, and destruction of essentialist views. The Queer Theory suggests that the male and female are socially constructed. There is no biological difference which is the variant of the power structure. According to queer theory, women must resist subtly to deconstruct patriarchy step by step. During the process, men and women are no longer enemies but care for and complete each other.

著名哲学家朱迪‧巴特勒（Judith Butler）的表演理论彻底否定女性有所谓固定的社会及标签化的性别（Gender）身份，主张身份是表演性的（Performed）、暂时的、不固定而有流动性的。

The famous philosopher Judith Butler proposes that gender is per formative which is fluid and flexible. Because gender identity is established through behavior, there is a possibility to construct different genders via different behaviors.

女性主义的历史发展可简略分为三个阶段，第一阶段是19世纪到20世纪中叶的自由女性主义时期，焦点是要求男女平等，主要是女性的公民权、政治权利等。第二阶段是20世纪60年代到80年代的激进女权主义时期，目标是消除两性差别。第三阶段是20世纪80年代至今的后现代女性主义时期，回到强调两性差异的客观存在，不再一味盲目追求前阶段的两性平等。

The development of feminism can be roughly divided into three stages. First-wave feminism was a period of activity during the 19th and early-20th centuries. It focused on the promotion of gender equality, citizen and political rights for women. Second-wave feminism occurred in the 1960s-1980s and aims at the elimination of gender differences. From the 1980s to nowadays, third-wave feminism - postmodern feminism faces up to gender differences without pursuing absolute gender equality.

西蒙波娃（Simon de Beauvoir）的女性主义大作《第二性》（The Second Sex）实指从属的意思，意指女人一直以来都是作为男人的附属而存在，而有第二性就有第一性，谁是掌权的第一性？答案则是呼之欲出。

The title of Simon de Beauvoir's book The Second Sex refers to women's existence because of their subordination to men at all times. Undoubtedly, Men are the dominant first sex.

天趣艺术人生基金会是次三月展出的大型「存在·她力量——国际当代女性艺术展」，就正承接着世界历史及当代艺术的潮流，大家都可以藉此机会一同审视、欣赏、探讨及反思女性艺术对于时代不平的呼应，和女性美学表现在当代艺术的不同可能性及崭新面貌。

"Existence‧Her Power", curated by Art of Nature team, is an international art exhibition that follows the historical trend of contemporary art, which enables everyone to examine, appreciate, explore, and reflect on the response of female art to inequities throughout the history, and the diverse possibilities as well as brand new aspects of female contemporary art expression.

展览展期为3月24-29日，欢迎预约观展