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密云冶仙塔城市森林公园地处城市建成区与自然风景区之间的过渡带，兼具生态保护与娱乐休闲功能。作为城市郊野公园，如何做好城市公园与自然风景区的纽带，是本项目的重点与难点。设计既要能够整合国土空间，推动城乡可持续发展，又要秉承生态文明建设这一首要原则，同时充分挖掘地域文脉特色，最终实现城乡共同繁荣。密云冶仙塔城市森林公园的建设秉承生态优先的原则，采用低影响开发的设计策略，融入满蒙风情文化主题，构建了全龄友好、功能丰富、效益显著的高适应性郊野公园典范。密云冶仙塔城市森林公园荣获中国风景园林学会科学技术奖规划设计类三等奖，以及由国际风景园林师联合会（IFLA）亚太地区与IFLA非洲和中东地区合作举办的IFLA AAPME奖，获得经济活力类别、洪水和水资源管理类别两项荣誉奖殊荣。
冶仙塔森林公园位于北京市密云区西南部，是北京的大氧吧与保障首都可持续发展的关键区域，具有蓝绿系统建设的战略契机与先决条件。公园背靠冶山，面向城市，具有成为城野衔接纽带的区位优势与发展潜力，但同时面临着旱涝矛盾与热岛火灾威胁的多重挑战，且滨水活动空间严重匮乏。
冶仙塔公园项目，采用“设计性研究”（research by design）的方法，利用低影响开发设施重塑蓝绿环境、重建森林生态系统、重联人与自然，将公园打造为一条衔接城野的绿色纽带，为当地居民的日常生活提供了健康、安全、可持续的郊野游憩场所。
This project adopts a research by design approach to explore the rainwater harvesting design. To reconcile drought and flooding issues of the site, low impact development facilities and ecological design of underlying and aquatic plants are used to form an adaptive rainwater harvest system that reinvents the water environment, regenerates the forest ecosystem and reconnects the city with the wilderness.
01. 季节性暴雨与水资源短缺的两极挑战
场地为一处山城交界区的山前平缓地，原生水环境较差，雨洪管理无序，同时面临着城市内涝与山洪威胁的双重压力，且受地形和温带大陆性季风的影响，区域降雨时空分布极不均匀且常出现连续枯水年，城市水资源严重匮乏。
The inter-annual variation of rainfall at the site varies greatly. The urban flooding caused by the urban sprawl of Miyun New City on the south side and the flash flooding risk on the north side of Yeshan Mountain make the site face more tremendous pressure on rainfall regulation and storage during the annual seasonal rainstorm period.
02. 热岛效应与防火安全问题
场地原生植被群落单一，生长状况较差且缺乏层次，景观林相相对单调。南侧密云新城发展迅速且建筑密度较大，随着城市的无序扩张，在未来可能面临热岛效应的威胁。此外，密云油库的一处调压泵站及其管线也位于基址内部，给场地带来了潜在的防火安全问题。
The original vegetation community on the site is single, with poor growth and lack of layers, and the landscape forest is relatively monotonous. Miyun New City on the south side of the site is developing rapidly and has a high building density. With the disorderly urban sprawl, it may face the threat of heat island effect in the future. In addition, a pressure regulating pumping station and its pipelines of Miyun Oil Depot are also located within the site, which brings potential fire safety problems.
03. 生态修复与乡愁记忆重构
近年大规模城市化建设影响下，密云区山水环境不断被侵蚀，地脉文脉割裂性严重，地方认同缺失，“景-城”关系高度紧张。场地北靠冶仙塔风景区，南面密云新城，东临白河，山、园、城在此处平行排列，具有衔接城野的区位优势，肩负着生态修复与乡愁记忆重构的重要使命。
Under the influence of large-scale urbanization in recent years, the landscape and water environment in Miyun District have been continuously eroded, the land and context are severely fragmented, local identity is missing, and the relationship between "scenery and city" is highly tense. The site is adjacent to Yexian Pagoda Scenic Area in the north, Miyun New City in the south, and Baihe River in the east. Mountains, gardens, and cities are arranged in parallel here.
项目在构建蓝绿基础设施的同时，充分尊重区域地域文化与山水风光，展山水之姿、营森林绿意、承千年禅脉、享满蒙风情，创造富有弹性的体验空间和社会交往空间，在增强绿地开放性、包容性和兼顾性的同时强化地域文化的认同感和归属感，形成“山-园-城”多位一体的绿色系统，有效推动了区域地脉文脉在新时代背景下的韧性延续。
While constructing the blue-green infrastructure, the project fully respects the regional culture and the scenery of the mountains and rivers, shows the posture of the mountains and rivers, cultivates the greenness of the forest, inherits the thousand-year-old Zen lineage, and enjoys the Mongolian style, creating a flexible experience space and social interaction space. While enhancing the openness, inclusiveness and balance of the green space, the sense of identity and belonging of the regional culture is strengthened, and a multi-in-one green system of "mountain-garden-city" is formed, which effectively promotes the development of the regional context in the new era. Continuation of Resilience.
蓝绿环境重塑 | 构建调蓄雨洪的韧性系统
项目引水入园、缀山理水，在充分利用场地资源本底的同时结合低影响开发设施调蓄雨洪，将自然引入场地，重塑基址的生态韧性。以污染物净化率、种植和养护成本为判别标准选择水生植物16种，进行水生植物群落生态设计与驳岸改造；以径流系数、雨水净化效率、景观效益等6项评价指标选择透水铺装与自然地被10种，重塑场地下垫面。在消减雨水径流污染的同时实现水质净化，缓解城市旱涝问题，并营建出了步移景异、景观优美、功能丰富的蓝绿空间。
The project echoes the regional landscape pattern, transferring water into the park, decorating mountains and managing water, reinventing the poor environmental quality of the site's native waters. Based on the principles of pollutant absorption, low cost and maintenance, 16 species of aquatic plants are selected for the ecological design of aquatic plant communities and waterfront reconstruction. Six evaluation indicators, such as runoff coefficient, rainwater purification and pollution removal rate, were used to select 10 types of permeable paving and natural ground covers, such as dark grey asphalt and permeable brick paving, to reshape the underlying of the site. In addition to reducing rainwater runoff pollution, water purification is achieved to alleviate urban drought and flooding issues and create a waterfront space with beautiful landscapes and rich functions.
森林生态系统重建 | 营造生境丰富的郊野林地
项目在兼顾景观艺术性的同时坚持生态优先原则，构建了以乔木为主的郊野林地生态系统。一方面，注重场地内注重场地内原有大树的保护与合理利用，并优先选择80%以上的密云当地的乡土树种，合理搭配部分新优彩叶树种丰富植物群落色彩，营造出自然郊野、森林感浓郁的景观氛围。另一方面，规划设计中胸径15cm以下的落叶乔木，高度5米以下的常绿乔木占乔木总株数的70%—80%，常绿与落叶的株数比1:3~1:5，乔灌比7:3，结构自然、生物多样性丰富，并结合输油管线的排布方式合理组织植物配植方式，能够有效推动森林动物生态系统复育以恢复生物多样性、消解热岛效应并保障区域的防火安全。
While considering the artistic aspects of the landscape, the project adheres to the principle of ecological priority, starting with planning a suitable tree and plant community structure on the site to create a forest ecosystem with multifunction. On the one hand, the project focuses on the protection and rational use of the original trees in the site, and gives priority to over 80% of Miyun's local native tree species in the selection of tree species, matching some of the new foliage species to enrich the color of the plant community, highlight the seasonal changes of the community, and create a natural countryside and a strong sense of forest landscape atmosphere. On the other hand, deciduous trees below 15 cm in diameter at breast height, evergreen trees below 5 m in height account for 70%-80% of the total number of trees, the ratio of evergreen to deciduous trees is 1:3~1:5, and the ratio of trees to shrubs is 7:3, forming a forest landscape with a natural structure and rich biodiversity, and reasonably organized with the way the oil pipeline laid out. The planting pattern can effectively promote the rehabilitation of the forest animal ecosystem to restore biodiversity, eliminate the heat island effect and resist fire.
△形成以树木为主、结构自然、生物多样性丰富的森林景观，恢复生物多样性，消除热岛效应
景城重联 | 实现城市与山野的双向奔赴
公园的规划设计与区域山水格局相呼应，在传承场地文脉的同时为当地居民提供了功能丰富的活动空间，将过去与现在、城与山、人与自然重新联系在一起。项目对景冶仙塔形成景观轴线，呈现出山环水绕的山水格局，在缀山理水的同时传承冶仙塔的地域文化，将禅宗文化融于一片湖光山色之中。一些区域沿袭檀营的军事元素，衍生出演武拓展区、冰嬉之制等户外拓展场地，重现清朝阅兵操演的军事活动场景，唤醒原乡记忆。场地整体景观结构呈现出由城市到自然的层级变化趋势，集生态保育与涵养、生态科普、文化展示与运动健身功能为一体，重连自然山水。
The design of the park echoes the landscape pattern of the area, providing multifunctional activity spaces for local residents while inheriting the cultural heritage of the site, reconnecting the past with the present, the city with the mountains, and people with nature. The project forms a landscape axis with a view of the Yexian tower, presenting a landscape pattern surrounded by mountains and water, inheriting the regional culture of the Yexian tower and integrating Zen culture into a landscape of lakes and mountains. Some of the areas follow the military elements of Tanying (A Qing Dynasty military defence facility), giving rise to outdoor development areas such as the martial arts development area, recreating the military scenes of the Qing Dynasty parades and exercises and awakening local memories. The landscape structure of the site shows a hierarchical change from urban to natural, providing local residents with a variety of waterfront spaces for ecological science popularization, ecological tourism, cultural continuity and daily activities. While constructing blue-green infrastructure, the project built Yexianta Park as a green link between the city and the wild, bringing nature into the city and promoting the sustainable coexistence of man and nature.
建设郊野公园可以有效拓展绿化功能，让市民更直接、更具体地享受经济社会发展成果，是政府关注民生的重要体现。而与设计本身利用低影响开发设施重塑蓝绿环境、重建森林生态系统、重联人与自然，将公园打造为一条衔接城野的绿色纽带，为当地居民的日常生活提供了健康、安全、可持续的郊野游憩场所。经计算统计，公园总面积约53.4公顷，年积蓄雨水总量10.76万立方米 ,节约中水水量10.76万立方米，减少外排量12.04万立方米，总经济效益196.7954万元，是韧性景观研究在城市森林公园规划设计探索中一次有价值的尝试。
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