「导语」Introduction
一种针对健康养老陪护产品设计方案的综合评价方法
胡珊、贾琦、符凯杰、蒋旭
(湖北工业大学工业设计学院,武汉 430068)
「摘要」Abstract
健康老龄化和智能化融合发展趋势下,陪护产品成为健康养老的新手段,养老生活的健康程度不仅在于老年人生理、心理健康的提升,更在于生活的便捷性和信息化的提升,正确的评价方法可帮助设计人员选择出最优的设计方案,降低老年人在生活中的使用障碍。为减小智能陪护产品设计方案选择过程的主观性和片面性,使决策更为客观合理,从而提升老年人使用智能产品的体验感和自然性,增强老年人养老生活的健康程度,提出一种新的综合评价方法。首先运用扎根理论分析大量用户访谈资料并提炼理论模型作为评价指标,其次运用基于博弈论赋权的思想,将模糊层次分析法(FAHP)求出的主观权重与熵权法求出的客观权重进行线性组合优化,确定各项评价指标的最终权重,最后依据逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)确定的方案排序完成评价与优选。将其应用于老年陪护机器人设计方案优选中,同时利用SUS量表进行可用性测试,以此验证优选结果。结果显示:新的综合评价方法可以较好地完成健康养老陪护产品设计方案的优选,减小了评价的主观性和片面性。该方法不仅对传统评估方法进行了修正,而且也为健康养老陪护产品的研究学者提供理论借鉴,一定程度上促进健康养老事业的发展。
「关键词」Keywords
「正文」Text
2 方法
2.1 理论概述
2.1.1扎根理论
2.1.2博弈论组合赋权
2.2 综合评价方法构建
图1 综合评价决策模型
2.2.1 基于扎根理论建立评价层级及指标
2.2.2 综合权重计算
2.2.2.1 三角模糊层次分析法确定主观权重
(2)由z位专家对各方案每一层次的准则进行打分,采用德尔菲法[33]将数据汇总处理,建立层模糊互反判断矩阵。假定打分人员具有相近水平的知识量以及判断力,则采用算数平均的方法综合评分信息,因此可得到层的综合模糊互反判断矩阵:
(4)权重值计算。去模糊化处理之后,开始计算各矩阵的权向量,由于计算步骤为常见计算方法,具体过程参考文献[34]。
(5)一致性检验。由于人类思维的模糊性、局限性以及评判事物的复杂性,在评判过程中决策人员给出的判断可能存在前后不一致的问题,因此需要检验矩阵的一致性,平均随机一致性准则的选取、以及一致性比率的计算步骤参考文献[35]。
2.2.2.2 熵权法确定客观权重
2.2.2.3 基于博弈论组合赋权
3 结果和分析
图2 设计方案
3.1 建立评价层级及指标
3.1.1用户样本选择
3.1.2原始资料收集
3.1.3开放式译码
3.1.4 主轴式译码
3.1.5 选择式译码
3.1.6 理论模型建立
3.2 确定各方案中指标的组合权重
3.2.1三角模糊层次分析法求主观权重
3.2.2 熵权系数法求客观权重
3.2.3 基于博弈论组合赋权求组合权重
图6 三种权重值对比图
3.3 构建加权标准化决策矩阵
3.4 可行性评估
图7 方案一
图8 方案二
图9 方案三
图10 3个方案PSSUQ评估得分
4 讨论
5 优势与局限
6 结论
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