Talk with Artist｜Victoria Yakusha：用设计重述历史与文化代码

作为乌克兰本土设计，

Victoria Yakusha的作品简约、原始，

在乌克兰这片现如今荆棘遍野的土地上，

坚贞地发出只属于也本该属于自己的声音。

凭借简洁不失力道的现代性造型，她向公众诠释了一种崭新的、基于历史、文化符号中衍化而来的新生。

作为一位乌克兰本土设计师、艺术家和建筑师，Victoria Yakusha的作品将她推至当代乌克兰本土设计的前沿。而乌克兰，这个在全球设计版图上长期处于盲点的国家，也因此被注入强大的生命力——原始、感性、灵动在其间蓬勃生长。这在此前，是所有人始料未及的。

纵观她的设计，其中体现的现代极简主义美学风格，不禁让人联想起日本的侘寂美学。粗略看，它们兼具了不对称、粗犷、简单、经济、朴素、谦虚、亲密的特性，和对自然物体和自然力量的拥抱。

可如若看到根根编织流苏下扭曲缠绕的纹理，还有那些大小各异的动物形态手工木雕家具表层渗透出粗野豪放的质地，你绝不会再将其与它者艺术较短量长。它们简约、原始，在乌克兰这片现如今荆棘遍野的土地上坚贞地发出只属于也本该属于自己的声音。

本期Talk with Artist, 我们一起聆听Victoria Yakusha的设计絮语。

Victoria Yakusha

Victoriya Yakusha, 乌克兰基辅设计师, 毕业于Dnipropetrovsk Academy of Construction and Architecture，之后前往法国斯特拉斯堡国家应用科学研究院实习。

2006 年，她开设了自己的建筑和设计工作室 ——Yakusha Design。Victoriya对传统乌克兰建筑存有极深的感情，非常看重传统文化带给人的正面力量，加之2013年发生的乌克兰危机，让她感觉要失去祖国的土地、语言和传统文化，在种种环境的激发下，她于2014年成立了家具设计品牌 FAINA，旨在用设计的方式寻找乌克兰传统根源。

FAINA常年在博洛尼亚、哥本哈根和米兰的国际家具展上展出，并且多次入围各项国际设计大奖。2022年，FANIA画廊以国际热点话题“踏上乌克兰的土地”作为策展主题的作品，成为Design Miami中Curio单元中的一大亮点。2021，Victoriya被选为2020 Dezeen Awards的评委。2019年，Victoriya Yakusha获得ELLE Decor国际设计大奖年度设计师称号。

KUMANEC set of vases

460x380x225 mm

Gross weight 9kg

Soniah Floor Lamp Collection

Victoria Yakusha：以下简称 Victoria

Harmony Art：以下简称 HA

HA：作为根植于乌克兰文化的当代设计品牌，你们品牌的核心理念是什么？它又是如何受到乌克兰文化的影响的？

HA：As a Ukrainian-born contemporary design brand, what is the core concept of your brand? How does it influenced by Ukrainian culture?

Victoria：2014年，出于向世界描绘乌克兰文化的愿望，我成立了“乌克兰文化基金会”。当时，整个世界对乌克兰的了解并不多，我开始用设计的语言重述我们的历史和文化代码——它们非常简约、原始，并始终以我赖以生存的这片土地的精神为核心展开叙事。

Victoria：I founded FAINA in 2014, driven by the desire to tell the world about Ukrainian culture. At that time, the world didn't know much about Ukraine, and I began to retell our history and cultural codes with the language of design — very minimalist, primitive, always with the spirit of my land in the core.

FAINA Design

对我来说，文化总是能揭示这个国家并且是这个国家最强大的力量。现在，无论是物件还是建筑项目，它(文化)至始至终都是贯穿我创作的一条的主线。我希望乌克兰不单单是在战争的背景下被提及，而是作为一个拥有创造性人民和悠久文化底蕴的国家被提及。

For me culture has always revealed the nation and has been its greatest power. Now, it [culture] is a common thread running through everything I create — from objects to architectural projects. I want Ukraine to be mentioned not only in the context of war, but as a country of a creative people and ancient culture.

Ztista table

FAINA Design

HA：在Follow the Sun系列中，作品Soniah Floor Lamp脱引而出。不论是作品本身的纹理质感，还是它充满灵韵的外观形态，都极具自然主义美感。可以详细介绍一下该作品吗？以及它命名为Soniah的原因。

HA：In the collection of Follow the Sun, Soniah Floor Lamp comes out of it. Whether it is the texture of the work itself, or its animistic shape, it is extremely naturalistic and beautiful. Could you please describe the work in detail and explain the origin of its name Soniah?

Victoria：Soniah在乌克兰语中是向日葵的意思，它是我们国家的象征之一。我们在2021年冬至期间推出了这个系列。我的灵感来自于我们祖先纯粹的生活。

Victoria：Soniah is a sunflower in Ukrainian, one of the symbols of our land. We launched the collection in 2021 during the winter solstice. I was inspired by the pure life of our ancestors.

Follow the Sun Collection

过去，他们倚赖太阳为生，日出而作，日落而息，因此，对我来说，追随太阳是一种非常自然的隐喻，它与我们生存的这个世界是和谐共存的关系。

They used to live by the sun and aligned their lives with the solar cycles, so following the sun was for me a metaphor for something very natural, being in harmony with the living world.

Soniah Floor Lamp

太阳，成为了这个系列的主题，我们便用我们的标志性可持续材料Ztista雕凿出了向日葵。这是介于艺术和设计之间非常原始的一种表达。每盏灯均由手工打造，它们形态各异，无一雷同。

The sun became the main theme of the collection, and we sculpted the sunflowers from our signature sustainable material, Ztista. It was a very primitive expression, between art and design. Each lamp is shaped by hand, and there are no two identical.

Follow the Sun Collection

HA：FAINA在此次Miami Design中呈现的作品相当备受瞩目，此作品的独到之处在于，你试图用现代设计语言重述乌克兰的文化遗产和手工技艺。展位中央那块醒目的黑色圆形手工编织挂毯，垂在地面的长长流苏, 以及一系列大小各异的动物形态手工木雕家具，它们共同构成了一个既连接着历史，又预示着未来的乌托邦世界。当初在设计这件作品时，是什么给了你启发？

HA：FAINA's design work presented in this year’s Design Miami has attracted much attention. The uniqueness of this work is that you try to revive ancient symbols and traditional Ukrainian crafts in collections of contemporary design pieces. The striking black circular hand-woven tapestry in the center of the booth, the long tassels hanging on the ground, and a series of animal-shaped hand-carved wood furniture of various sizes, constituting a utopian world that both connects history and heralds the future. What inspired you when designing this artwork?

Stepping on Ukrainian soil

FAINA in Design Miami

Victoria：在今年2月乌克兰遭遇全面入侵之后，许多乌克兰人开始意识到自己与我们脚下的土地产生了连结。这种连结是物理性的，就像脐带一样。我一直都清楚地知道我们和我们脚下的土壤其实是非常亲近的，只不过现在它以一种更猛烈的方式表现了出来。

Victoria：After the full-scale invasion in February, many Ukrainians felt a connection to our land. Physical, like an umbilical cord. I always knew we are very close to our soil, but now it has shown itself even more strongly.

Stepping on Ukrainian soil

FAINA in Design Miami

我听见很多人说，他们内心有某种感觉，那就是土地给予他们的力量。这种连结启发我创作了两米长的挂毯Zemlia，它象征着我们赖以生存的地球。在乌克兰谚语中，大地通常被描述为母亲。绳子反映了母亲和孩子之间的联系。在某种程度上，它连接了过去和未来。

I have heard from many people that they feel something inside them, the power of the land. This connection inspired me to create the two-meter tapestry Zemlia, symbolic of our earth. In Ukrainian proverbs, earth is often described as a mother. The cord reflects the connection between the mother and the child. In some way, it connect the past and the future.

Stepping on Ukrainian soil

FAINA Design in Design Miami

为了制作挂毯，我使用了一种古老的羊毛编织技术，并将自己的视觉风格融入进去。一层一层地重叠，仿佛重复着拥有生命活力的土壤本质。

For making the tapestry, I used an ancient technique of wool-weaving, but added my own vision. Layers overlap one another as if repeating the nature of the living soil.

Stepping on Ukrainian soil [detail]

FAINA Design in Design Miami

“Volyky”系列万物有灵物体是由可持续材料Ztista手工制作而成的。它们的名字来源于“volia”这个词，“volia”在乌克兰语中是自由之意，这种意志刻在乌克兰人的基因中。

The series of animistic objects "Volyky" is handmade from the sustainable material Ztista. Their name comes from the word "volia", Ukrainian for freedom. The will is in the DNA of Ukrainians.

Stepping on Ukrainian soil

FAINA Design in Design Miami

在古代，我们的祖先，乌克兰Cossacks不为土地而战，他们为自己心目中至高无上的自由而战。而自由，也是我们现如今所遵循的处事原则。

In ancient times, our ancestors, Ukrainian Cossacks, fought not for the land, but for their most important value - freedom. And freedom is what we are guided by today.

Follow the Sun Collection

HA:众所周知，live design一直是FAINA工作室的理念和标志性方法。并且你们一直鼓励人们去感受，而不仅仅是看。这一理念是如何你们每一次的设计中得以体现的呢？

HA: As we all know, live design is the studio’s philosophy and signature approach, and you’ve alway encouraged people to feel, not only to look at. How is this philosophy reflected in each of your designs?

Victoria Yakusha with her Design

Victoria：当我创作时，感觉对我来说是最重要的。它比形式、颜色和功能更为重要。这就是我所说的活设计的要素之一——创造一些有生命的、有精神的东西。我使用天然材料创作，它们自带能量属性，能够唤起人们的感官和触感。

Victoria：The feelings are the most important thing for me when I create. It comes before form, colour or function. That's one of the elements of what I call live design — creating something that is alive, something with a spirit. I work with natural materials, they carry the energy and evoke the senses, the tactility.

FAINA Design

木材、羊毛、粘土、柳藤——它们都是源自乌克兰本土的材料。每件物品都是手工制作而成，并以自己的方式讲述了一个故事。FAINA系列的Bandura花瓶的灵感来自一种乐器，Strikha灯的灵感则来源于传统乌克兰房屋的稻草屋顶。

It's wood, wool, clay, willow vine — materials that are native to Ukraine. Every object is made by hand and tells a story. Bandura vases from our collection are inspired by a musical instrument, Strikha lamps — by the straw roofs of traditional Ukrainian houses.

Domna Lounge Chair

HA：乌克兰语中 “domna” 有家庭主妇，福利女神之意。而扶手椅 DOMNA，从外观上看，则兼具了柔和与鹰派气质为一体，透露出柔中带刚的意味。这是否可以说明你在试图颠覆大众对于“家庭主妇”这一身份固有的刻板印象，试图引领一股新的、具有现代性意义的价值风向？

HA："domna" in Ukrainian means housewife, goddess of welfare. The armchair DOMNA, in appearance, combines softness and hawkish temperament, revealing the meaning of softness with rigidity. Does this mean that you are trying to subvert the public's inherent stereotype of the identity of "housewife", trying to lead a new and modern value trend?

Domna Lounge Chair

Victoria：Domna是柔软与内在力量的结合，后者可以被看作是一种韧性。自古以来，乌克兰妇女就在家庭中扮演着至关重要的角色，她们积极参与到所有的社会进程当中，拥有绝对自由的决定权。因此，这是一种对常态的回归。

Victoria：Domna combines softness and inner strength, the latter can be compared to resilience. Since ancient times, a woman in Ukraine used to have a key role in the family, she actively participated in all social processes and was absolutely free in her decisions. Therefore, it is rather a return to the norm.