曼谷·Chong Nonsi 运河公园 / LANDPROCESS

曼谷曾享有“东方威尼斯”的美名，以其庞大而相互连通的运河网络而闻名世界，这些运河具有丰富的文化特色和精神意义。通常，曼谷重要的公共空间，如寺庙和市场，都会围绕运河而建，运河也成为人们的主要的交通工具，是这座城市的根基和命脉。

Once known as the Venice of the East, the city of Bangkok was famous for its vast interconnected network of canals rich in life, brimming with culture and spiritual significance. When the first settlements in Bangkok were created, important communal hubs like temples and markets were built into the canal banks utilizing the canals as a primary means of transportation making them the lifeblood of the city.

▽自然蜿蜒的曲线，A naturally winding curve.

▽叠水景观，Overlapping landscape.

▽小品装置，Sketch device.

由于该地处于潮汐地带，湄南河以及相连运河的水位经常发生变化，泰国许多传统的住宅吊脚楼都建在运河岸边，从而使人们与不断变化的水位和谐相处。但令人遗憾的是，曾经主导曼谷充满活力的城市景观与和谐的建筑空间如今已成为遥远的记忆。

Being in the tidal zone, the water levels in the Chao Phraya River and subsequently the connected canals frequently change in height, traditional Thai homes were built on stilts on the canal banks as the people lived in harmony with the changing water levels. Regrettably, the vibrant and harmonious blue-green spaces that once dominated that Bangkok cityscape are now but a distant memory.

现代运河与过去的运河几乎没有相似之处。高速的城市发展迫使曼谷填埋河道，将运河与邻近社区隔离开来，导致曼谷社区从前依赖的生态系统服务恶化，如今的运河已经充斥着停滞的污水，上面覆盖着灰扑扑的基础设施，掩盖住这一刺目的风景。

The modern canal shares little resemblance to the canals of the past. Rapid urban development has pushed the city to fill in its waterways disconnecting canals from its neighboring communities causing a deterioration of its ecosystem services that the communities of Bangkok previously relied on. No longer receiving the regular flow of current it used to, the modern canal has become filled with stagnant sewage covered with grey infrastructure to hide the unsightly view.

▽护栏，guardrail.

按照目前的碳排放和变暖速度，IPCC 预测到 2050 年全球海平面将上升 33 厘米，同时曼谷以每年 2 厘米的速度下沉，因为这座城市建在湄南河的软冲积土上河流三角洲，导致该国在全球气候风险指数中被列为未来面临风险最大的国家。

At the current rate of carbon emissions and warming, the IPCC predicts global sea levels to rise 33cm by 2050 which in conjunction with Bangkok sinking at a rate of 2cm per year, due to the city being built on the soft alluvial soils of the Chao Phraya River delta, has caused the country to be named as one whose future is most at risk in the Global Climate Risk Index.

随着气候变暖，极端天气事件的频率和强度都在增加，城市必须做好应对的准备。城市不断增长的性质放大了以前未解决的问题，同时也创造了城市基础设施必须能够适应的新挑战。

With a warming climate comes the increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events that the city must be ready to face. The ever-growing nature of the city amplifies previously unresolved issues while also creating new challenges that the cities infrastructure must be able to adapt to.