朱锫：798工业厂房变身CUBE美术馆！

798CUBE美术馆项目视频

Project video

注：本文由朱锫建筑投稿

从入口看向盒院

View from the main entrance to the courtyard

撰文：朱锫

CUBE美术馆是一个改造项目，位于798艺术区内，与毗邻佩斯美术馆和民生现代美术馆一道，是朱锫建筑近些年来以工业遗产为主题的一系列实验性的创作实践。

CUBE Art Museum, a renovation project, is located inside 798 art district adjacent to Pace Art Museum and Minsheng Museum of Modern Art, both were also designed by Zhu Pei in 2009 and 2016 separately.

场地位置

Site

混凝土墙细节

Concrete wall details

美术馆的构思始于对特定地段环境敏感深入的观察，尽最大的可能保留原有老的工业厂房，在此基础上，再注入新的建筑，从而塑造出新老建筑之间的张力，并与周边工业建筑，如佩斯美术馆、民生美术馆等建筑，彼此缝合，相互补充。

改造前

Before the renovation

研究模型

Study model

从广场看向美术馆

View from the plaza to the museum

The idea of the art museum begins with the sensitive and in-depth observation of surroundings in a specific area, and the original old industrial plants are retained as many as possible. On this basis, new buildings are injected, so as to create the tension between the new and old buildings, and complement each other with surrounding industrial buildings, such as Pace Art Museum.

美术馆的设计遵循原有工业遗产的肌理，采用一系列的“盒子”空间，塑造正交几何形体的秩序，一方面，这些盒子空间严格地按照原有老厂房建筑的基础和轮廓，另一方面，也映射798 地区工业厂房平铺直叙的规划思想与朴素的建造逻辑。特别值得一提的是有着魔术般可变的中心院落，它的轮廓也是按照原有装卸货空场而界定的，南侧是借助一道独立的现浇混凝土高墙，将佩斯美术馆西侧的广场区隔开了，在强化了自身内向的领域感的同时，也将原有的、被厂房三面围合的装卸货空场转换成相对封闭的中心院落，巨大的钢梁式滑动吊车横跨在南北的混凝土墙上，它不仅可以悬挂艺术装置，也是张拉一个个自然下垂、近似反拱、形态可变的帆布的机械牵引装置。根据天气、阳光角度，这些反拱形态的帆布可以任意开合，遮阳避雨。独立混凝土墙体上藏有可以水平移动的大门，以利于超大艺术装置的运输到院落中。中心院落是人流聚集的场所、开幕式的场地、也是户外展场。

朱锫草图

Zhu Pei's sketch

反拱形态的帆布机械装置

A canvas mechanical device in the form of a reverse arch

剖轴侧图

Cutaway axonometric

盒院

The courtyard

反拱形态的帆布机械装置与金属翻转门围合出相对独立的空间，可用于开幕式场地、户外展场

Inverted arch canvas and metal turning door enclose a relatively independent space for the opening ceremony and outdoor exhibition

The design of the art museum traces the texture of the original industrial heritage, adopts a series of cubes to shape the order of orthogonal geometric shapes and reflects the construction and planning logic of 798 art district. It is particularly worth mentioning that the magically variable central courtyard transforms the original square surrounded by the three sides of industrial plants into a relatively closed central courtyard with the help of an independent cast-in-situ concrete wall. The huge steel beam sliding crane spans the concrete walls from north to south. It can not only hang art installations, but also a mechanical traction device, which opens canvas with natural drooping, approximately inverted arch and variable shapes one by one. According to the weather and sunshine angle, this inverted arch canvas can be opened and closed at will for shading and rain protection. It is a place where people gather, a venue for the opening ceremony and an outdoor exhibition.

美术馆的设计再次探索了无柱、水平延伸的结构形式和材料的表现力。新建造的两个展厅都采用无柱大跨现浇混凝士结构，一个是采用巨大的倒拱式曲面横梁，伴随着自然天光从比邻的两个拱之间漫射下来，也和中心院落的形似倒拱的帆布的机械装置相呼应。从结构角度上看，倒拱式曲面横梁被两侧的混凝土结构剪力墙体所支撑，展厅内部的白色美术馆墙与倒拱式曲面横梁留有一定宽度的缝隙，可以清晰地表达结构体系和受力关系；另一个是混凝士密肋式大跨橫梁结构体系，密肋横梁薄而高，凸显钢筋混凝土结构和材料特性。

朱锫草图

Zhu Pei's sketch

主展厅

Main exhibition

主展厅

Main exhibition

朱锫草图

Zhu Pei's sketch

地下一层展厅

Exhibition hall on basement 1F

首层平面图

Ground floor plan

地下一层平面图

Underground floor plan

剖面图

Sections

在新建造的两个展厅与老的红砖厂房之间，插入了一个近14米高有着自然天光的垂直竖向的立方柱体空间，东侧是中性的白色墙体，北和西侧是老的红砖砌筑墙体，南侧是宽大透明的客货两用电梯，它近似美术馆内部空间的中枢，连接着位于不同标高的空间。它又像一个光井，直接插在建筑最深、暗的部位。当人们置身于此，可以清晰地感知新旧建筑之间的关系，以及各个空间的标高变化。一个薄薄清水混凝土“天桥”伴随着高低变化的踏步，游离于四面的墙体，蜿蜒螺旋而下，逐渐演变成楼梯，把门厅、上层展厅、报告厅前厅，下层展厅自然的连接在一起。

序厅

Foyer

中庭

Atrium

地下一层前厅

Foyer on basement

视线穿越透明玻璃的客货两用电梯，可以看到艺术品在装卸货区域的工作状态，是一次将美术馆背后神秘的工作场景融入公共空间的尝试。

序厅

Foyer

装卸货与仓库

Loading dock and storage

天光与砖墙细节

Skylight with brick wall details

展厅

Exhibition hall

学术报告厅

Lecture hall

美术馆的设计也捕捉了798工业厂房的材料特点，以朴素的现浇混凝土、红砖为主要材料，着力突出这两种材料在结构形式与围护墙体之间的交接、转换的建造特点，蕴含着798工业建筑所特有的建构文化。

盒院

The courtyard

主入口

Main Entrance

The design of the art museum traces the texture of the original industrial heritage, adopts a series of cubes to shape the order of orthogonal geometric shapes and reflects the construction and planning logic of 798 art district. It is particularly worth mentioning that the magically variable central courtyard transforms the original square surrounded by the three sides of industrial plants into a relatively closed central courtyard with the help of an independent cast-in-situ concrete wall. The huge steel beam sliding crane spans the concrete walls from north to south. It can not only hang art installations, but also a mechanical traction device, which opens canvas with natural drooping, approximately inverted arch and variable shape one by one. According to the weather and sunshine angle, these inverted arch canvas can be opened and closed at will for shading and rain protection. It is a place where people gather, a venue for the opening ceremony and an outdoor exhibition.