促进良好的城市设计
Fostering the Good Urban Design
二十多年来，BAU建筑与城市设计事务所（BAU Brearley Architects+Urbanists）一直将环境、社会和经济价值置于其实践的核心位置。上世纪90年代，James Brearley先生结束了在建筑师Will Alsop处的工作，从伦敦返回墨尔本，从在餐桌办公开始，与方群女士创立了BAU建筑与城市设计事务所，并共同领导至今。在早期实践中，他们专注于公共项目，与艺术家和多元化的人群合作；逐渐地，他们开始进行城市规模的项目实践，致力于探讨公共空间及与人们生活息息相关的话题。
Shanghai Hongqiao Performing Arts Centre ©Shuhe
01
中国的城市景观
inside the urban landscape in china
“中国几乎是在一夜之间从农村经济转变为工业和服务经济的，从其发展速度和经济增长的现状来看更是如此。如今，大部分人都居住在精心设计的新城市中，尽管这些城市都有着潜在的问题。任何超越正常尺度的事物，无论是街区、土地利用分区，还是发展速度，都会导致设计问题的出现。我们在《城市网络》一书中阐述了如何在保证新城市所要求的确定性和清晰性的同时，避免出现这些超尺度问题。”
"China transformed from a rural economy to an industrial and service economy virtually overnight. the emphasis has been on speed of development and economic growth. the vast majority of the population now live in new well-engineered cities that may lead to potential problems. the design issue begins with everything being super-scaled; street blocks, land-use zones, as well as the speed of developments. our networks cities book describes how to avoid these issues yet maintain the certainty and clarity demanded of the new cities."
Jiangyin Docklands Park ©Xiazhi
Jiangyin Greenway ©Pavel Shubskiy
“当人们在评判一个城市的繁荣程度时，总会涉及到以下几点：适应未来不可预见之用途的灵活性、公共空间、公共交通、人性化尺度的街道、便捷的步行交通系统，以及拥有充足的阳光、公园系统、临街商业（而不仅仅是大型商场）、多功能混合空间，以及某些单一功能空间的商业街区等。我们正经历着气候危机，城市规划应该对此给予回应。例如城市热岛效应，为了缓解城市环境高温、降低对产碳空调的依赖，我们需要在城市中增加更多的街道绿化、绿色屋顶，并将城市中公园绿地的比率提升至15%以上。”
"When one talks about a thriving urbanity, there are needs for many things: flexibility for unforeseen future uses, public space, public transport, human-scaled streets, pedestrian permeability, commercial pavements with sun access, park networks, street shops not just malls, mixed-use areas, as well as some single land-use areas. climate chaos is upon us, and urban planning needs to respond. One issue is the urban island effect. to mitigate urban overheating and reduce the reliance on carbon producing air conditioning there is an increasing need for green streets, green roofs, and more than 15% parkland in the city."
02
平衡快速城市化、
人与自然栖息地之间的关系
balancing rapid urbanization,the people,
and the natural habitat
“要避免物种灭绝危机，并为市民提供休憩空间，就必须在新城区内建立完整的本土生态走廊系统。较大的生态节点需要通过生态走廊来维护和连接，生态学家、景观设计师与城市规划者之间也应该相互合作，从而平衡各方的需求。我们还注意到，传统的生活模式也正在消失。城市化往往伴随着村庄的拆迁与城郊居民的重新安置问题。但从多方面来看，保留村庄和居民反而是更好的选择。这种方式能让日趋雷同的新城市保有形式和社会属性的多样性，也有利于保护历史，营造多用途、易于使用的空间。传统的模式被保留下来，自然的更新提升也可能在不久后发生。这样的城中村往往会成为城市中最具吸引力的部分。”
"To address the extinction crisis and provide an escape for citizens, indigenous ecosystem corridors must be established throughout new districts. larger ecological nodes need to be maintained and linked by eco corridors. there is a need for collaboration between ecologists and landscape architects and urban planners in balancing competing needs. another extinction we have witnessed is that of traditional life pattens. urbanization often involves demolishing villages and relocating people from the city fringe. but it is so often better to maintain the villages and people. it provides the otherwise generic new city with formal and social diversity, history, mixed-use, and affordable space. natural gentrification may occurs before long, but old patterns remain. These urban villages frequently become the most attractive part of cities."
Jiangyin Greenway ©Pavel Shubskiy
Hangzhou Duolan Commercial ©Shuhe
“目前，我们正在跟踪一座4公里长的带状公园的建设。这座公园位于江阴市内一条运河的两岸，曾是一片工业用地。BAU将运河一侧建造成为本土生态走廊，自然化的河岸促进鱼类繁殖，连续的低高度植被为多种动物提供活动空间，还能吸引每年迁徙回中国的候鸟在此栖息。河道的另一侧是由98个迷你公园共同构成的4公里长的文化公园。
中国正处于飞速变化中，因此我们强调设计的灵活性，以便迅速地将新型休闲活动置入公园。这98个迷你公园，每个都可以在不影响公园整体性的前提下，根据新的功能、植被和空间被重新规划。每位新市长或党委书记都可以在这座公园内践行他们的理念，这里也将成为新活动的试验场。”
"At bau, we are currently overseeing the completion of a 4km stretch of new parkland on either side of a canal in jiangyin. it is ex-industrial land. we have made one side of the canal an indigenous ecosystem corridor with naturalized edges for fish to breed, continuous low-story planting for various fauna to move within, and conditions to attract back birds on their annual migration back to china. the other side of the canal is a 4km culture park divided into 98 miniature parks.
China is rapidly changing, and we have proposed extreme flexibility to enable new leisure activities to be quickly introduced and tested. Each of the 98 spaces can be re-designed with new programs, vegetation, or spaces without compromising the integrity of the whole park. each new mayor or party secretary can insert their ideas in the park; it will become a testing ground for new pastimes."
Jiangyin Docklands Park ©Xiazhi
03
改变公众观念
和生活方式的尝试
the attempt to change the public's perception
and way of living
“中国的发展，是许多其他国家19至20世纪发展的缩影。但可惜的是，城市中数量最多的建筑，即公寓，都被同一种模式所主导。它们的功能非常单一，即居住，且平面功能缺乏灵活性。
虽然这些公寓楼的品质相对较高，且拥有较好的自然采光和通风，但因时间限制，它们无法被大幅度改造，以适应其他功能或居住模式。这些建筑应该采用灵活的柱状结构，以提高其使用的灵活性。但令人沮丧的是，根据估算，很多近期在中国建成的建筑，在其使用期限来临前就可能面临被拆除的命运。如果能采用理性的框架结构，或短支剪力柱结构，灵活的空间就会让建筑拥有可持续、长久的使用寿命。”
"In china, the country's development is a remarkably compressed version of what many other countries went through in the 19th and 20th centuries. unfortunately, one model dominates the most extensive building typology, apartment housing blocks. they have been built with one use, living, and only one living arrangement in mind.
While this housing is relatively high quality, with sun access and good ventilation, it is fixed in time, unable to be significantly altered to suit other uses or other living styles. these buildings should be designed with column structures for flexibility. sadly, much of the recent housing built in china is likely to be demolished well before its use date. the common-sense legislation of column and fin construction would ensure these otherwise well-built structures have a sustainable long life."
Yuandang Bridge ©Zhu Runzi
the design story
www.thedesignstory.com
the design story来自印度尼西亚，是一家关注设计趋势发展及行业前沿资讯的在线媒体，网站精选众多设计产品，也是一家在线商店。the design story为读者精心挑选带来自世界各地的可持续设计典范、富有创新精神的项目和新闻。
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本文由current-newswire提供翻译
BAU于1992年创立于澳大利亚墨尔本，于1998年进驻中国。BAU已在七百多个项目业绩中体现出其独特的设计风格及核心竞争力，博采世界先进设计理念与技术，结合中国本土文化，对中国项目的流程有深刻的理解和丰富的实战经验。在城市设计、建筑设计、景观设计和室内设计各个领域均有卓越成就，已建成项目近100个。
BAU is an architecture, urban design, urban planning and landscape architecture practice driven by values embedded in progressive eastern and western philosophies. Our design processes and projects are informed by an appreciation of international design practice as well as an understanding of local culture and practice of Eastern China and South Eastern Australia.
在创始人詹姆斯· 布莱利和其合伙人的带领下，BAU已发展了一支可以整合建筑环境领域并在全方位训练有素的专业团队。BAU专注于在时代建筑大环境下探索创新的设计方案，在当代的建筑环境中实现多维度的设计成果，注重设计作品对社会、经济、文化和环境的可持续发展。BAU坚持设计以人为本，推崇人与建筑环境的互动以及人与人在建筑环境中的互动。
Led by partners James Brearley and Fang Qun, BAU is a multi-disciplinary team integrating all aspects of the built environment. At BAU we are focused on innovative solutions to achieve multi-dimensional design outcomes that are not only environmentally sustainable but culturally, socially, and economically sustainable as well. Built environments that promote the engagement of citizens, not only with all the city has to offer but also with each other.
本文来自微信公众号“BAU建筑城市设计”（ID：BAU_Architects）。大作社经授权转载，该文观点仅代表作者本人，大作社平台仅提供信息存储空间服务。
