融于社区的“光合森林”｜南头古城光合社小花园

项目概述

PROJECT OVERVIEW

光合社小花园是深圳南头古城改造建立的5个城市绿地之一。南头古城位于深圳经济特区的南山区。作为距今1700年历史的岭南文化遗产，南头见证了深圳中心区域的更新与发展，建国初期作为政府所在地，在深圳一直处在区域核心地位。但随着深圳城市规模扩张，蓬勃发展的商品房市场和日益高涨的租赁需求，使得南头古城成为了无序生长的城中村——生活环境恶劣、空间狭窄的复杂地段。2019年开始的南头古城城市更新一定程度上更关注丁字形主街道的商业发展，而原住民的日常生活需求仍得不到满足。

The Guangheshe garden is one of the five urban green spaces reconstructed in Nantou Ancient City, Shenzhen. Nantou Ancient City is located in the Nanshan District of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. A significant carrier of Cantonese culture for over 1,700 years, Nantou was also a critical political location in the early days of the People's Republic of China. It has witnessed the renewal and development of the central area of Shenzhen as a core part of the city. However, as Shenzhen's urban scale continued to expand rapidly throughout the 90s, the rising demand for housing caused Nantou Ancient City to grow disorderly. The living environment of the once-thriving urban village became disorganized and cramped. An urban renewal project for the area was initiated in 2019. While much of that project focused on the commercial potential of the main street, local people's daily needs were ignored.

光合社花园正是远离主要商业街道，位于居民腹地。相较于其他需综合外来人口、创客、游客等不同群体互动的南头古城中的绿地，光合社花园的设计更侧重于如何让设计服务于居民生活，构建活力居民社区，强调社区共建绿地的重要性。

The Guangheshe Garden is located far away from the main commercial street but in the residents' hinterland. Different from other green spaces in Nantou Ancient City that need to integrate the interaction of different user groups (migrants, makers, and tourists), the design of the Guangheshe Garden focuses more on how to make the place serve the lives of residents, build a vibrant residential community, and emphasize community involvement and co-construction.

场地现状与难点

SITE BACKGROUND AND CHALLENGES

改造前的光合社公园与周边的楼栋之间有围墙相隔。围墙不但截断了花园与周边建筑的联系，也占据了很多土地空间。设计团队打破围墙之后，花园面积增加近一倍，增加了更多的公共功能空间和室内室外的连接空间。原有树木的保留亦是设计的难点与重点。场地古树茂密，香樟、黄种木、七叶树等种类繁多。经过现场测绘，花园中的所有古树被小心地保留下来，并在林下补植草本地被，创造多层次的植物空间。

The Guangheshe garden was separated from the surrounding buildings by walls before the renovation. The wall cut off the connection between the garden and the surrounding buildings and occupied a lot of green space. After the design team broke the wall, the garden area nearly doubled, adding more functional and in-between spaces. The preservation of the original trees is one of the design challenges. The site is dense with old trees, including camphor tree, golden trumpet tree, and Chinese horse chestnut, etc. After on-site surveying and mapping, the design team preserves all the ancient trees in the garden carefully and replants ground vegetation under the canopy to create vertical diversity.

设计理念

DESIGN CONCEPT

光合社花园四周的建筑以居民楼为主，也有由居民楼改造而成的办公楼和便民餐饮。居住建筑的出入口面对公园敞开，因此室内与户外的连接空间在设计中尤为重要。餐饮外摆、户外座椅、建筑表皮材料在花园铺装上的延续都紧密地将花园与周边联系起来。设计团队没有强行的融入更多的功能，反而是大量留白，空出场地为社区社交活动提供更多可能性——可以是城市活动的发生地，或是户外办公休憩、外摆餐饮区，更是共享农场和大师园地。

The surrounding buildings are mainly residential, with a few renovated offices and restaurants. As all the building entrances face the park, the in-between space connecting indoor and outdoor is essential in the design. The outside catering, outdoor seats, and the continuation of building skin materials on the garden pavement connect the garden with the surrounding environment. The design team did not forcibly integrate more functions but left many flexible spaces to provide possibilities for community social activities and creations. A garden is a place for urban events, outdoor office and rest areas, outdoor dining areas, and a community garden.

△ 场地平面图 © Lab D+H SH

细节设计

DESIGN DETAILS

❒ 材料使用

Material Usage

场地的材料使用参考了周围建筑。现状建筑为多年代混合，有60-70年代的马赛克墙面多层、低层水泥灰墙面农民房建筑、80年代的瓷砖拼贴墙面以及现代中高层建筑等。改造后的建筑是以青砖、红砖、马赛克和水刷石为主要材质，延续丰富的文化肌理。因此，场地铺装设计选用不同深度的红砖，有机组合分别定义场地中的通行区和活动区。自由曲线型的种植池则采用马赛克材料，小尺寸颗粒可以较好地贴合种植池的曲线形态，与地面材质在色彩上实现视觉统一。

The use of site materials references the surrounding buildings. The surrounding buildings were built at different times with various building materials, including multi-layered mosaic walls in the 1960s and 1970s, low-rise farmhouse buildings with gray cement walls, tiled walls in the 1980s, and modern high-rise buildings. After renovating the buildings, the skin materials are mainly made of blue bricks, red bricks, mosaics, and brushed stone, inheriting the cultural texture from the age. Therefore, the design team used two red bricks as pavement in the garden, identifying the activity and passage spaces. The free-curved planter is made of mosaic material, as the small-sized particles can better fit the curve of the planters and achieve visual unity with the ground pavement and surroundings.

❒ 高差处理

Elevation Design

场地原有2.68米的高差。为了保留原有树木，设计团队在树木点位设置大型种植池，并有效利用地形高差在种植池边设计阶梯座椅。场地两侧的台阶和坡道连接周围建筑的入口，方便周边居民进入。

The site initially had an elevation difference of 2.68 meters. In order to preserve the original trees, the design team set up large planters and designed seats along the planters. The steps and ramps connect the entrances of surrounding buildings, making easy access to the garden.

社会意义

SOCIAL SERVICE

光合社花园的设计从一个简单而有力量的“光合森林”出发，融于社区，承载社区。花园开放后，社区自发开展了多项共建活动，人们利用共享园地开展园艺工作坊。在这里，设计师的野心被压缩到最小。相反，由居民引导的社区共建完善和延续了花园的设计，通过保留原有植被、就地取材，控制新旧材料、元素的选择，营造了古今交融的文化场景，满足了现代居民多样化的活动需求，成为了理想社区绿地。

The design of the Guangheshe garden starts from a simple but powerful concept, "photosynthetic forest", which integrates nature into the community and carries the community. After the garden opening, the community spontaneously carried out a number of social activities. For example, people used the shared garden to carry out gardening workshops. Here, the designer's ambitions are compressed to a minimum. On the contrary, the flexible spaces used by residents for creations and activities vitalize the design and community. By retaining the original vegetation, using local materials, and balancing the new and old materials and elements, a blend of past and present landscapes has been created to meet the diverse needs of modern residents. The Guangheshe Garden has become an ideal community green space.