由国际足联发起的2022年第22届世界杯将于11月21日至12月18日在卡塔尔举行，又到了球迷狂欢的时刻！今天一起来盘点本届和往届的足球场亮点：
The 22nd World Cup in 2022, sponsored by FIFA, will be held in Qatar from November 21 to December 18. It's time for fans to revel again! Today, let's take stock of the highlights of this and previous football fields:
卢塞尔体育场
卡塔尔 / Foster + Partners
卢塞尔体育场是卡塔尔世界杯八座球场中规模最大的球场，可容纳80,000人，由中国铁建公司承建。
Russell Stadium is the largest stadium among the eight stadiums of the Qatar World Cup, which can accommodate 80000 people and is constructed by China Railway Construction Corporation.
体育场的外观为一个抛光的金色容器，在阳光下闪闪发光。立面具有三角形开口，在视觉上通过斜交网格强调了碗的结构，形成了一个穿孔的屏障，为内部大厅提供了阴凉和过滤后的斑驳光线。
The exterior of the stadium is a polished gold container, which glitters in the sun. The facade has a triangular opening, which visually emphasizes the structure of the bowl through the oblique grid, forming a perforated barrier, providing a cool and filtered mottled light for the inner hall.
夜景欣赏▽
Al Janoub体育场
卡塔尔 / Zaha Hadid Architects
该足球场为2022年卡塔尔世界杯建造的首个新体育场，作为2022年世界杯的场地之一，Al Janoub体育场将举行联赛的小组赛和四分之一决赛。
This football stadium is the first new stadium built for the 2022 Qatar World Cup. As one of the venues for the 2022 World Cup, Al Janoub Stadium will hold the group matches and quarter finals of the league.
体育场包含一个由Schlaich Bergermann Partner设计的可调节屋顶，碗型的座位席安装了制冷系统，确保体育场在卡塔尔的炎热夏季也可以良好地运行。可调节的屋顶采用了褶皱式PTFE纤维包层和缆索，在展开时犹如船帆一般覆盖在球场上方，在夏季时可提供荫蔽的比赛环境。
The stadium includes an adjustable roof designed by Schlaich Bergermann Partner. The bowl shaped seats are equipped with a refrigeration system to ensure that the stadium can operate well in the hot summer of Qatar. The adjustable roof adopts pleated PTFE fiber cladding and cable, which is like a sail covering the court when it is unfolded, and can provide a shady competition environment in summer.
Wanda Metropolitano足球场
马德里 / Cruz y Ortiz Architects
这座新建的马德里竞技体育场（足球场）名为Wanda Metropolitano，是于1994年完工的老马德里体育场的扩建部分。
The newly built Atletico Madrid Stadium (football field), named Wanda Metropolitano, is an extension of the old Madrid Stadium, which was completed in 1994.
混凝土的使用有助于达到一种一致性和均匀性，因为它不仅是承重结构，还是体育场最终造型的一部分。新看台与老看台使用相同的组织形式：狭窄的水平间隙。体育场的混凝土主体和屋顶共同打造出一个全新的、完整的建筑体量，用一种新的建筑图像，表现出传承至今的建筑和体育精神。
The use of concrete helps to achieve a consistency and uniformity, because it is not only a load-bearing structure, but also a part of the final shape of the stadium. The new stands use the same organizational form as the old stands: narrow horizontal gaps. The concrete main body and roof of the stadium together create a new and complete building volume, which shows the architectural and sports spirit inherited to this day with a new architectural image.
卢日尼基球场
俄罗斯 / SPEECH architectural office
卢日尼基球场由建筑师Alexander Vlasov于1955年到1956年主持设计并建造。该场馆坐落于莫斯科1930年代城市规划的主轴线上，该轴线串联了克林姆林宫，基督教堂和莫斯科公立大学等城市重要地标。卢日尼基球场曾是1980莫斯科奥运会主会场。自2013年起，该场馆便因为重修工程而暂时关停。2018年该场馆将再次开启，成为俄罗斯世界杯的举办场地之一
The Luzhniki Stadium was designed and built by the architect Alexander Vlasov from 1955 to 1956. The venue is located on the main axis of Moscow's urban planning in the 1930s, which connects the Kremlin, Christian Church, Moscow Public University and other important city landmarks. Luzhniki Stadium was the main venue of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. Since 2013, the venue has been temporarily closed due to the renovation project. In 2018, the venue will open again and become one of the venues for the Russian World Cup
克拉斯诺达尔足球俱乐部球场
俄罗斯 / gmp
体育场外型为令人印象深刻的古典三段式结构，如同现代体育场建筑的原型——古希腊圆形剧场，富有韵律感的希腊柱廊由几乎洁白的罗马石灰华建造。体育场的屋面为一座轻质环结构缆索屋面。两层屋面膜结构采用PTFE涂层玻璃纤维膜，刻画了体育场屋顶的形象，屋面功能设备区域内安装有泛光灯和观众席暖气设备。
The appearance of the stadium is an impressive classical three-stage structure, just like the prototype of modern stadium architecture - the ancient Greek amphitheater, and the rhythmic Greek colonnade is built by almost white Roman travertine. The roof of the stadium is a light ring structure cable roof. The two-story facial mask structure uses PTFE coated glass fiber film to depict the image of the stadium roof. Floodlights and audience heating equipment are installed in the roof functional equipment area.
马内·加林沙国家体育场
巴西 / gmp
2014年FIFA世界杯主场，做为巴西利亚城市轴线上最大体量的建筑，体育场以纪念碑式的庄严姿态被纳入城市规划的整体之内。体育场碗状看台由一个环形的广场围绕，全部交通连接设置于广场之内，广场的“柱林”之上由屋面覆盖。清晰简洁的设计表达通过极度简化的，几乎保留原初形态的结构元素加以强调。悬挂式屋面由双层结构组成，通过混凝土压力环固定。上层为半透明PTFE膜结构，下层为背面照明的膜结构。
The main stadium of FIFA World Cup 2014, as the largest building on the axis of Brasilia, was incorporated into the overall urban planning with a monumental and solemn attitude. The bowl shaped stand of the stadium is surrounded by a circular square, all traffic connections are set in the square, and the "column forest" of the square is covered by the roof. The clear and concise design expression is emphasized by extremely simplified structural elements that almost retain the original form. The suspended roof is composed of a double-layer structure, which is fixed by a concrete pressure ring. The upper layer is a translucent PTFE membrane structure, and the lower layer is a membrane structure with back lighting.
2014年FIFA世界杯亚马逊竞技场
巴西 / gmp
建筑充分利用了天然地势，体育场坐落于一座徐徐升起的基座上，基座内设有贵宾、媒体人员、运动员的交通通道以及停车库。一个围绕体育场一圈的环带内设 有休息室、办公室以及餐厅，环带同时将上层台座和与 基座部位相连接的下层台座分隔开来。屋面结构由两组互相支撑的悬臂梁构成，蜂窝箱式钢梁同时也是大型的 排水管道，可以引流热带雨季巨大的降水量。屋面和外立面由半透明玻璃纤维薄膜覆盖，表面经过低辐射涂层处理，可通过反射热量达到建冷却建筑体的效果。
亚马逊竞技场是世界上第一座通过美国绿色建筑协会LEED标准认证的体育建筑。
The building makes full use of the natural terrain. The stadium is located on a slowly rising base, which is equipped with traffic channels and parking garages for VIPs, media personnel and athletes. A ring around the stadium is equipped with a lounge, office and restaurant. The ring separates the upper platform from the lower platform connected to the base. The roof structure is composed of two groups of mutually supporting cantilever beams. The honeycomb box steel beam is also a large drainage pipe, which can drain the huge rainfall in the tropical rainy season. The roof and facade are covered with translucent glass fiber film, and the surface is treated with low radiation coating, which can achieve the effect of building cooling by reflecting heat. Amazon Arena is the first sports building in the world to pass the LEED standard certification of the American Green Building Association.
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